Factors That Lead To Date Rape - 1495 Words

Statement of the topic There are many factors that contribute to date rape that can be prevented but also out of many individuals control. Date rape, â€Å"which is defined as â€Å"nonconsensual sex between two people who are dating, whether it is a ï ¬ rst date or an established relationship† (Shultz, Scherman, Marshall, 2000, p. 193)† (McQuiller Williams, Porter, Smith, 2016). Examples of these factors may be; having intercourse with the individual once before and they expect it again, going to a quiet room at a party after just meeting one another, going on a date and there be miscommunications. Another big contributing factor is alcohol and drugs. There are many incidents that alcohol or drugs may blur an individual s ability to assess a†¦show more content†¦These excuses could be what the victim was wearing, how they were acting and if they were under the influence. There are many times that women are slut-shamed because individuals look at the victim and ask, why would you let that happen? In society, this has been shameful to report these acts because the victims fear how she/he will be viewed by the public and most times do not get their voices heard. â€Å"Researchers have found that rape is the crime women fear the most (Ferraro, 1995, Fisher Sloan, 2003; Gordon Riger, 1991; Hilinski, 2009; Lane, Gover, Dahod, 2009, Warr, 1985)† (Renzetti, Curran and Maier, 2012). This is true among the other factor that could result in sexual violence. This could be the violence ending with a robbery or as extreme as a homicide. Another reason that individuals may not report the abuse is that it is ongoing and have been threatened because the offender withholds a higher status. Sexual violence is a huge growing epidemic that causes serious public health with both long-term and short-term effects on individuals physical and mental well-being. Rape and other forms of violence can resort the victims to have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because of how much it emotionally impacts the individual. â€Å"94% of women who are raped experience symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during the two weeks following the rape† (Victims of Sexual Violence: Statistics, n.d.). Victims also may believe and feel that theirShow MoreRelated Rape Culture Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesRape Culture Many of the attitudes, beliefs, and mistaken ideas about rape have been with us for centuries. By looking at myths, such as â€Å"women ask for it,† and â€Å"it would do some women good to get raped,† from a historical perspective, lead us for better understanding how they evolved. Women are still seen as the property of men, are protected as such. Men and women are still taught to occupy very different roles in today’s world. Men are usually more aggressive, and women are seen as passiveRead MoreHigh School And College Campuses947 Words   |  4 Pagespunishment programs can be enforced in high school and college campuses to discourage and prevent: extensive use of alcohol to the point of alcohol poisoning potentially leading to the death of the individual(s), prevention of reckless sexual behavior, date rape and other sexual violence. By enforcing more and effective programs through means of education, prevention and punishment the frequency of these actions in high schools and college campuses will decrease substantially. Furthermore, all of these programsRead MoreEssay about Drinking Alcohol Causes Sexual Assault1305 Words   |  6 Pagessuggest that alcohol is a major factor in sexual assaults. Crimes such as these could be greatly reduced if alcohol was not in the picture. Unfortunately, there are many sexual assaults, or rapes, per year. According to the Affirmative Action Office at Iowa State University, there have been at least two reported rapes per weekend since classes have begun this year. Throughout the United States in 1996, there were 98,000 completed rapes, and 219,000 attempted rapes (Stanford University, 1999). MostRead MoreEssay on struggle for independance1103 Words   |  5 Pagessymptomatic of a growing rate of violence and disrespect for human dignity. Violence among our young people has reached crisis proportion. Rape, another form of violence and aggression, is also on the rise. Most women do not imagine that they will become a rape statistic. A growing concern in America today is that more and more woman do. While many imagine rape as a crime committed by a stranger, the fact is most women are raped by someone they know. Young women away from home for the fist timeRead MoreRape And Sexual Assault On College Campuses919 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the United States Supreme Court’s U.S Code 920 – Article 120, sexual assault and rape (a form of sexual assault) are legally identified as â€Å"sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual action perpetrated against a person without that person s consent† (H.R. Title 10 - Armed Forces 466). Now, in regards to why these individuals inflict these actions are summed up within the same U.S code in that they may be carried out by â€Å"physical force, coercion, abuse of authority, or against a personRead MoreThe Harmful Effects of Rape Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesidea of rape is a sca ry thought. Rape is defined as a type of sexual assault, usually involving sexual intercourse, which is initiated by one or more persons against another person without that person’s consent (Kelland, 2011). Rape is a demoralizing crime that can leave the victim with lasting negative psychological affects. This paper will discuss the different types of rape, the cause and effects with rape and the harm rape can cause to its victims. When most people hear the word â€Å"rape†, theyRead MoreHow Old Is 15?1656 Words   |  7 Pagesdo all of these things be allowed to love whom they please? Suppose you have a 15-year-old child and he or she wants to date someone older, much older, how would you feel? Most parents would feel disapproval of their child s actions. Me myself, I m not against the situation; some may say it’s because I m young. The correct term for this situation is called statutory rape; others who are against it sometimes call it child pornography. Governments do their part to end global threats to childrenRead MoreCan Evolution Ever Explain Why Men Rape? Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesmen rape? Why is it considered a societal norm for men to rape women? Rape can be an act of any sexual activity that is carried out using force or threat of injury against the will of a female. It mostly occurs when the victim is underage, incapable of valid consent (i.e. drunk, drugged), or when there is a known perpetrator (i.e. family member, friend). It is unfortunate that some women get raped even when having no affiliations with the perpetrator. Despite a decrease in the reported rape casesRead MoreHigh Frequency Of Sexual Assaults On Campuses950 Words   |  4 Pagesback of a uniform vehicle. In college, there are many contributing factors to the high frequency of sexual assaults on campuses. Well of course they would not have known as they were most under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol. Another factor would be their living enviro nment, and the societal norms. Drugs also lead to the occurrences of sexual assaults on college campuses. There are many drugs that people use, known as â€Å"date rape† drugs. Drugs such as Gamma Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), RohypnolRead More Rape Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pageswomen were the victim of a rape or sexual assault† (RAINN 1). And one more statistic that might get your attention is that only 37% of rapes are reported to the authorities (RAINN 2). Fortunately, there are ways to drastically reduce these numbers. For starters women need to know what constitutes rape. Second women need to know how to prevent rape before it starts, and lastly women need to know what to do if they are raped. According to the book Our Bodies Our Selves, rape is defined as â€Å"†¦any kind

Dr. Cesare Beccaria As The Father Of Deterrence Theory

Juveniles around the United States are committing crimes every day. When they commit these crimes, they may not know of the consequences that come with committing the crimes until they get caught. These young children or teenagers need to start learning the consequences of committing a crime before they grow older because if they do not learn, they will make their life miserable. The deterrence theory would be a perfect way to keep these young people out of trouble. Deterrence would play a huge role in to getting these young children or teenagers on the right path of their life. If you show them what the consequences would be or even give them real life experience they would be deterred from doing the things they have done in the past. Cesare Beccaria is known as the father of deterrence theory. He suggested that there were three characteristics of punishment that make a significant difference in whether an individual would decide to make the decision to commit a crime. The three characteristics he suggested were swiftness, certainty, and severity. Beccaria said there were two reasons why swiftness of punishment was important. One reason was because there were some offenders spending more years awaiting trial than they would spend for their sentence. He said the faster the offender gets punished for the crime that was committed, the more useful it would be. The second reason he emphasized a swift sentencing was related to deterrence. If people are awaiting their trial for a

History of Private Security Free Essays

History of Private Security Cortez Jefferies Introduction to Security: Operations and Management Gayle Fisher-Stewart University Of Maryland University College 23 October 2011 Private security industry in the United States can be traced as far back as the mid nineteenth century, where they were primarily used to help fill the gaps created by public police forces in major cities that were just forming. Over the years the role of private security has changed, from its simplest form of protecting people, property, and information to a more complex form, of individuals and businesses that provide, for a fee, services to clientele to protect their persons, their private property, or their interests from various hazards. Early in its existence training for private security was non-existent or inadequate at best, over the years training has evolved and with that evolution came strict standards and guidelines. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Private Security or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unlike in Europe, where public law enforcement emerged out of private security, in the United States private security emerged out of public law enforcement. Europeans brought many of the methods they used to protect people and property with them when they immigrated to the United States in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The positions of constable, watchman, and sheriff were borrowed from the English and were used to establish the first system of public law enforcement in the United States. As rapid growth occurred in the West throughout the early 1800s, it became clear that constables and watchmen weren’t going to be able to provide the expansive services necessary to protect people and their property (Stone, 2002). It wasn’t until the late 1700s that municipal police agencies were implemented in major American cities. Established in 1844, the New York City police department provided twenty- four-hour police protection to its citizens. Thirty years later, most large cities had a similar system of public law enforcement; yet this system was not enough to keep pace with the rapidly growing American society (Stone, 2002). One of the first private security agencies to come into existence was Pinkerton’s North West Police Agency in 1855. The agency offered private watchmen services for rail yards and industrial complexes. In 1859, Perry Brink started Brink’s Inc. as a freight and package delivery service. A few decades later, Brinks Inc. evolved into the country’s first armored car and courier service. By the early 1900s, numerous former federal agents and detectives had opened up their own private security companies to include the first burglar alarm service (Maine, 2011). Between 1929 and 1939, private security employment declined as a result of the Great Depression but rebounded between 1940 and 1945, due to the need to protect the United States infrastructure and military and industrial facilities during World War II, the use of private security increased. After World War II, private security once again began to grow, due to many returning veterans, with military police experience selecting police work and private security as occupations (Ortmeier, 2009). In 1955, a group of security professionals formed the American Society for Industrial Security (ASIS). Today, ASIS International’s membership exceeds 37,000, making it the preeminent organization for security professionals (American Society for Industrial Security [ASIS], 2011). Private security is a fast-growing industry. The Department of Labor predicts a healthy double-digit growth rate through 2016. Statistics on the number of individuals involved in this market are difficult to ascertain because of an extremely high turnover rate and because the term â€Å"security worker† admits of different interpretations. However, there are some credible approximations (Maine, 2011). The U. S. Department of Labor estimated the number of private security workers in 2007 at slightly over one million-about twice the number of police officers in the United States. Private security agencies themselves are often quite large. The largest security firm operating in the United states is Securitas, whose employees number more than 125,000 worldwide and whose revenues exceeded $7 billion in 2002. Human-Rights First estimate that there are almost 180,000 security workers in Iraq alone (Maine, 2011). The median wage for security workers in the United states is $10. 85 per hour ($22,570 per year), this might account in part for the high turnover rate. Salary seems to be proportional to risk. Blackwater security employees are alleged to have earned close to $1000 per day to guard U. S ambassador to Iraq Paul Bremer (Maine, 2011). Although training for the private security sector has come a long way over the years. Many of the personnel working as private security agents and guards are inadequately screened, trained, and supervised to ensure effective police work. Due to these reasons, there has been a big push for improvements in the quality of private security training. Private security organizations are being encouraged to pursue accreditations for the company as well as its employees. Private security organizations are being required to carry general liability insurance or that security personnel be bonded following a minimum level of training and certification, with the amount of training and size of bonding dependent on the degree of risk associated with the nature of the job (Forst, 2002) . Virginia Security officers are required to be licensed by DCJS (Department of Criminal Justice Services). To be licensed as an unarmed security officer one must go through 18 hours of classroom training from a licensed instructor in order to obtain this card and it must be done by the end of their 90 days after hire with a Security company. Every two years the card must be renewed, by completing an in-service with a licensed instructor. To be licensed as an armed security officer one must complete an additional 16 hours of firearms training, 6 hours of training n conducting a lawful arrest, and qualification with the type and caliber of weapon they intend to carry. Firearms endorsements must be renewed annually by completing an in-service and passing a firearms qualification. Licensed armed security officers are authorized under state code to arrest for any offense committed in their presence while they are on duty at the location they are hired to protect. They may also be granted t he authority by the chief law enforcement officer in their jurisdiction to issue summons to appear in court for felonies and misdemeanors. As the security field diversified in the 1980s and became more responsive to the needs of business, a management model quickly began to dominate how security was perceived and what its functions would be. Security practitioners and innovative business managers began to view the functions of security as an essential component of business. As a result, security departments were incorporated into the organizational culture of many companies, and security managers were hired to oversee the security department and work collaboratively with other department managers. Security managers began to be perceived as professionals in their field, and this helped to enhance the image of security personnel, giving them greater credibility with their colleagues and the public (Stone, 2002). Given this long and varied history, it is not surprising that private security continues to undergo significant changes in its form and function. Still, agreement among academicians and practitioners about what its form and function should be remains elusive. References Stone, Mischelle Taylor. (2002). Private Security. Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment. Retrieved October 23, 2011, from http://sage-ereference. com. ezproxy. umuc. edu/view/crimepunishment/n327 Forst, Brian. (2002). Police Privatization. Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment. Retrieved October 23, 2011, from http://sage-ereference. com. ezproxy. umuc. edu/view/crimepunishment/n307 Ortmeier, P. J. (2011). Introduction to Security: Operations and Management (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Maine, E. W. (2011, March 6). Private Security Industry. American Business Organization. Retrieved from http://maerican-business. org/ How to cite History of Private Security, Papers

Electro Magnetism Essay Example For Students

Electro Magnetism Essay Electromagnetism defined as magnetism produced by an electric current. Inother words it is the electricity part of what holds ourselves and every bit ofmatter in the universe together. This source of universal glue is foundwithin atoms themselves. As the name sounds, there are two different forceswithin electromagnetism the electric force and the magnetic force. Before theearly part of the last century, scientist studied electricity and magnetism asdifferent sciences. No one knew the connection between them. Electromagnetismwas found almost by accident, that a flow of electric current (a movement ofelectrical charge) creates a magnetic force to use the words of Jack R. White, author of The hidden World of Forces. I will first explain the magneticforce in electromagnetism. Nearly 900 years ago, the Chinese discovered thenatural permanent magnet lodestone or magnetite. After playing around withthis rock they discovered that when floating on a piece of wood it would alwayspoint itself north. From this they then created a magnetic compass. To theChinese in that time, magnetic force seemed to be magic, but in the twentiethcentury we use magnetic fields everyday. In such things as the refrigerator, thewashing machine, the dryer, and the vacuum cleaner all have electric motors. Themagnetic force can be created many different ways but the two main ones are:Ferromagnetism caused by the orientation direction of certain kinds ofatoms. Electromagnetism caused by passing an electric current through aconductor such as metal wire Both of these magnetic fields, once created, isexactly the same. Electromagnetic Radiation by definition is thetransmission of ener gy in the form of waves having both an electric and amagnetic component. It is impossible for a wave with just one or the other toexist. The most common forms of electromagnetic radiation are radio waves andlight waves. The Theory of electromagnetic fields was developed by James ClerkMaxwell of Scotland and published in 1865. His work was the first of many otherexperiments and theoretical research that many other well known scientistshave used his works with there own experiments. Maxwell presented a set ofequations that completely describe the electromagnetic field. How it is producedand charged by currents, and how it is distributed in space and time. Accompanying the electric component is a magnetic component which are bothequal. It may be shown that electromagnetic waves transport energy as well ascarry momentum. It way also be shown that any other accelerated charge, notnecessarily a sinusoidal oscillating one, loses energy in the form ofelectromagnetic waves